ȼɈɋɉɅȺɆȿɇȿɇɂȿ ɂ ɁȺɀɂȽȺɇɂȿ ɄɊɍɉɇɕɏ ɂ ɆȿɅɄɂɏ ɑȺɋɌɂɐ ɆȺȽɇɂə Ʉɚɥɢɧɱɚɤ ȼ.ȼ., ɑɟɪɧɟɧɤɨ Ⱥ.ɋ., ȿɮɢɦɨɜ ȼ.ɋ. ɍɤɪɚɢɧɚ, Ɉɞɟɫɫɤɢɣ ɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬ ɢɦɟɧɢ ɂ.ɂ. Ɇɟɱɧɢɤɨɜɚ ɉɪɢ ɬɟɨɪɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɦ ɨɛɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɩɨ ɜɨɫɩɥɚɦɟɧɟɧɢɸ ɢ ɡɚɠɢɝɚɧɢɸ ɤɪɭɩɧɵɯ ɢ ɦɟɥɤɢɯ ɱɚɫɬɢɰ ɦɚɝɧɢɹ ɨɛɵɱɧɨ ɧɟ ɭɱɢɬɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɩɪɢ ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɟ ɜ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ ɩɥɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ ɤɢɧɟɬɢɤɢ ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɢ ɨɤɢɫɥɟɧɢɹ, ɜɵɫɨɤɨɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɧɨɝɨ ɬɟɩɥɨɦɚɫɫɨɨɛɦɟɧɚ, ɫɬɟɮɚɧɨɜɫɤɨɝɨ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɬɟɩɥɨɨɛɦɟɧɚ ɢɡɥɭɱɟɧɢɟɦ. Ʉɚɫɫɟɥɟɦ ɢ Ʌɢɛɦɚɧɨɦ [1] ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɨ, ɱɬɨ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ ɜɨɫɩɥɚɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɫ ɪɨɫɬɨɦ ɞɢɚɦɟɬɪɚ ɱɚɫɬɢɰɵ (15-55 ɦɤɦ) ɭɦɟɧɶɲɚɥɚɫɶ (ɪɢɫ. 1ɚ) ɢ ɛɵɥɚ ɜɵɲɟ Ɍɩɥɚɜ (ɩɪɢɧɚɞɥɟɠɢɬ ɢɧɬɟɪɜɚɥɭ 920-1070 Ʉ). Ȼɟɡ ɭɱɟɬɚ ɬɟɩɥɨɨɛɦɟɧɚ ɢɡɥɭɱɟɧɢɟɦ, ɧɨ ɫ ɭɱɟɬɨɦ ɢɫɩɚɪɟɧɢɹ ɦɟɬɚɥɥɚ ɞɥɹ ɨɩɢɫɚɧɢɹ ɤɪɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɣ ɜɨɫɩɥɚɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɦɟɥɤɢɯ ɱɚɫɬɢɰ ɦɚɝɧɢɹ ɧɚɦɢ ɛɵɥɚ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɚ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɚɹ ɩɪɢɛɥɢɠɟɧɧɚɹ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɶ (ɩɪɢ Se << 1): λ g Nu ⋅ RTg2 / E (1 + B exp( L / E ) ) , (1) ⋅ di = e Qk0 exp ( − E / RTg ) ρ g Ca B= L 1 LDm p0 E 1 − exp . R Têèï Tg R 2Tg3 λ g Ⱦɥɹ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɤɪɭɩɧɵɯ ɱɚɫɬɢɰ ɪɚɡɦɟɪɨɦ ɨɬ 0.6 ɞɨ 1.6 ɦɦ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ ɜɨɫɩɥɚɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɭɛɵɜɚɟɬ ɜ ɢɧɬɟɪɜɚɥɟ 895 – 925Ʉ [2] ɢ ɛɵɥɚ ɧɢɠɟ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ ɩɥɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ Ɍɩɥɚɜ (ɪɢɫ.1b). Ⱥɧɚɥɨɝɢɱɧɵɟ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɟ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ ȼɚɥɨɜɵɦ ɢ ɫɨɚɜɬɨɪɚɦɢ [3] ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɵ ɞɥɹ ɱɚɫɬɢɰ ɫ ɪɚɡɦɟɪɨɦ ɨɬ 50 ɞɨ 300 ɦɤɦ. ɗɧɟɪɝɢɹ ɚɤɬɢɜɚɰɢɢ 44 ɤȾɠ/ɦɨɥɶ, ɪɚɫɫɱɢɬɚɧɧɚɹ ɜ [3], ɧɟ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɷɧɟɪɝɢɹɦ ɚɤɬɢɜɚɰɢɢ ɬɟɩɥɨɜɵɯ ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɣ. Ⱥɧɚɥɨɝɢɱɧɨ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɫɤɚɡɚɬɶ ɢ ɨɛ ɷɧɟɪɝɢɢ ɚɤɬɢɜɚɰɢɢ 584 ɤȾɠ/ɦɨɥɶ [3]. Ⱦɥɹ ɤɪɭɩɧɵɯ ɱɚɫɬɢɰ ɩɪɢ ɨɩɢɫɚɧɢɢ ɤɪɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɣ ɜɨɫɩɥɚɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ (ɩɪɢ Se << 1) ɧɚɦɢ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɚ ɮɨɪɦɭɥɚ (2), ɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ ɧɟ ɭɱɢɬɵɜɚɟɬ ɢɫɩɚɪɟɧɢɟ ɦɟɬɚɥɥɚ, ɧɨ ɭɱɢɬɵɜɚɟɬ ɬɟɩɥɨɩɨɬɟɪɢ ɧɚ ɢɡɥɭɱɟɧɢɟ: λ g Nu ⋅ RTi 2 / E di = , (2) Qk0 exp ( − E / RTi ) ρ g Ca − 4εσTg3 RTi 2 E Ti = ( ) E 1 − 1 − 4 RTg E . 2R 102 Ɋɢɫ.1. Ɂɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɶ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ ɜɨɫɩɥɚɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɚ) ɦɟɥɤɢɯ ɢ ɛ) ɤɪɭɩɧɵɯ ɱɚɫɬɢɰ ɦɚɝɧɢɹ ɨɬ ɢɯ ɪɚɡɦɟɪɚ. ɗɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɞɚɧɧɵɟ: Ɣ – [1], ż– [2], Ƒ– [3]. 1 – ɪɚɫɱɟɬ ɩɨ (1) k0 = 0.86á109 ɦ/ɫ, E = 189.5 ɤȾɠ/ɦɨɥɶ. 2 – ɪɚɫɱɟɬ ɩɨ (2) k0 = 0.86á109 ɦ/ɫ, E = 189.5 ɤȾɠ/ɦɨɥɶ, 3 – ɪɚɫɱɟɬ ɩɨ (2) k0 = 0.065á109 ɦ/ɫ, E = 189.5 ɤȾɠ/ɦɨɥɶ. Ɍɟɨɪɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɤɪɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɣ ɫɚɦɨɜɨɫɩɥɚɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɢɬ ɩɭɬɟɦ ɩɨɢɫɤɚ ɷɤɫɬɪɟɦɭɦɨɜ ɧɚ ɫɬɚɰɢɨɧɚɪɧɨɣ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɞɢɚɦɟɬɪɚ ɨɬ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ ɱɚɫɬɢɰɵ. ɍɱɟɬ ɫɬɟɮɚɧɨɜɫɤɨɝɨ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɹ, ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɭɬɨɱɧɢɬɶ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɩɪɟɞɷɤɫɩɨɧɟɧɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɦɧɨɠɢɬɟɥɹ. Ʉ ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɦ ɨɲɢɛɤɚɦ ɩɪɢɜɨɞɢɬ ɧɟ ɭɱɟɬ ɢɫɩɚɪɟɧɢɹ ɦɟɬɚɥɥɚ ɢ ɬɟɩɥɨɩɨɬɟɪɶ ɢɡɥɭɱɟɧɢɟɦ. ɉɟɪɟɯɨɞ ɨɬ ɬɜɟɪɞɨɣ ɱɚɫɬɢɰɵ ɤ ɠɢɞɤɨɣ ɩɪɢɜɨɞɢɬ ɤ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɢɸ ɩɪɟɞɷɤɫɩɨɧɟɧɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɦɧɨɠɢɬɟɥɹ ɧɚ ɩɨɪɹɞɨɤ, ɱɬɨ ɨɛɴɹɫɧɹɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɩɟɪɜɭɸ ɨɱɟɪɟɞɶ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɢɟɦ ɱɢɫɥɚ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɰɟɧɬɪɨɜ ɜ ɜɢɞɟ ɨɤɫɢɞɚ MgO. ȼ ɜɨɡɞɭɯɟ ɤɨɦɧɚɬɧɨɣ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ ɱɚɫɬɢɰɭ ɦɚɝɧɢɹ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɡɚɠɟɱɶ ɩɭɬɟɦ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɢɹ ɟɟ ɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ ɜɵɲɟ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ ɡɚɠɢɝɚɧɢɹ. Ⱦɥɹ ɤɪɭɩɧɵɯ ɱɚɫɬɢɰ (ɜɵɲɟ 2 ɦɦ) ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ ɡɚɠɢɝɚɧɢɹ ɦɟɧɶɲɟ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ ɩɥɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɦɚɝɧɢɹ (ɩɪɢɱɟɦ Se < 1), ɱɬɨ ɝɨɜɨɪɢɬ ɨ ɡɚɠɢɝɚɧɢɢ ɱɚɫɬɢɰɵ ɧɚ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ ɬɜɟɪɞɨɣ ɮɚɡɵ. ɉɪɢ ɡɚɠɢɝɚɧɢɢ ɦɟɥɤɢɯ ɱɚɫɬɢɰ (ɜɛɥɢɡɢ ɩɪɟɞɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɞɢɚɦɟɬɪɨɜ ɱɚɫɬɢɰɵ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɡɚɠɢɝɚɧɢɹ) ɞɢɮɮɭɡɢɨɧɧɨ-ɤɢɧɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɟ Se § 1, ɱɬɨ ɨɛɴɹɫɧɹɟɬ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɶ ɭɱɟɬɚ ɫɬɟɮɚɧɨɜɫɤɨɝɨ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɹ. 1. 2. 3. Ʌɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ Casell H. M. The cooperative mechanism in the ignition of dust dispersions / H. M. Casell, I. Liebman // Combustion and Flame. 1959. V. 3, ʋ 3. Ɋ. 467-475. ȼɚɥɨɜ Ʌ. ȿ., Ƚɭɫɚɱɟɧɤɨ ȿ. ɂ., ɒɟɜɰɨɜ ȼ. ɂ. ȼɥɢɹɧɢɟ ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɨɤɢɫɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɫɪɟɞɵ ɢ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɢ ɤɢɫɥɨɪɨɞɚ ɧɚ ɜɨɫɩɥɚɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ ɨɞɢɧɨɱɧɵɯ ɱɚɫɬɢɰ ɦɚɝɧɢɹ // Ɏɢɡɢɤɚ ɝɨɪɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɜɡɪɵɜɚ. 1991. Ɍ. 27, ʋ 4. ɋ. 3-7. ȿɠɨɜɫɤɢɣ Ƚ. Ʉ. ȼɨɫɩɥɚɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ ɢ ɝɨɪɟɧɢɟ ɱɚɫɬɢɰ ɦɚɝɧɢɹ / Ƚ. Ʉ. ȿɠɨɜɫɤɢɣ, Ⱥ. ɋ. Ɇɨɥɱɚɧɨɜɚ, ȿ. ɋ. Ɉɡɟɪɨɜ // «Ƚɨɪɟɧɢɟ ɢ ɜɡɪɵɜ»: Ɇɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɵ Ɍɪɟɬɶɟɝɨ ɜɫɟɫɨɸɡɧɨɝɨ ɫɢɦɩɨɡɢɭɦɚ ɩɨ ɝɨɪɟɧɢɸ ɢ ɜɡɪɵɜɭ. Ɇ., ɢɡɞ-ɜɨ “ɇɚɭɤɚ”. 1972. ɋ. 234–240. 103